Cite this: Current Controversies in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants ... measuring the sum of systemic blood flow and the shunt through the DA, which ...

SHOULD closure of a patent ductus arteriosus with reversal of flow be attempted? If so, how can the high surgical mortality hitherto reported 1–3 be reduced? An attempt is made to answer these ...

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common congenital heart defect in dogs, where a blood vessel called the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth. This condition can lead to serious health ...

One promising area of research involves the use of color M-mode echocardiography (CMME) to assess intraventricular pressure differences in dogs with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a common ...

This article presents common misconceptions about the physiologic significance of early ductal shunting and reviews the evidence regarding the preferential use of echocardiography rather than ...