Urban particles shape climate by influencing clouds and radiation. Vertical monitoring reveals overlooked impacts.

The early atmosphere was mainly carbon dioxide and water vapour. Water vapour condensed to form the oceans. Photosynthesis caused the amount of carbon dioxide to decrease and oxygen to increase.

Chemical composition of ancient rocks Iron sulfide can only exist in rocks that were formed before there was oxygen in the atmosphere. Rocks containing iron oxide can only form if oxygen is present.

A recent study published in One Earth has uncovered compelling evidence suggesting that the climate effects of new particles ...

Nearly one third of known exoplanets are enormous gas giants, similar to Jupiter or Saturn. But whereas our solar system ...

Hailstones, a form of solid precipitation, captivate many with their unique journey through the atmosphere. These icy spheroids start as nothing more than droplets in a cloud and grow in layers to ...

Although nitrogen is very abundant in the atmosphere, it is largely inaccessible in this form to most organisms. This article explores how nitrogen becomes available to organisms and what changes ...

Ever wondered about the white lines stretching across the sky? These are contrails—condensation trails formed by aircraft ...