Introduction: Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a potential therapeutic agent for multiple metabolic diseases. However, little is known about the toxicokinetic characteristics ...

Caroline Igo (she/her/hers) is a wellness editor and holds Sleep Science Coach and Stress Management certificates from the Spencer Institute. She received her bachelor's degree in creative writing ...

Determine the enteral feeding tube size (e.g., small bore or large bore), insertion site (e.g., nasal or percutaneous), tip location (e.g., stomach or jejunum), and enteral nutrition delivery ...

The disease most often affects the small and large intestine. However, inflammation can occur anywhere in the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. Chronic inflammation of the intestines can cause ...

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic condition of unknown origin characterized by severe inflammation and mucosal destruction in the intestine ... colon and terminal ileum; and ulcerative ...

This is a significant limitation, especially in complex tissues such as the intestine, where a wide variety of cell ... resections to define a score that separated the inflamed resected ileum into two ...

The mucosal immune system is a critical first line of defense to infectious diseases, as many pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces, disrupting the balanced interactions between mucosal ...

Dr R Spiller, Division of Gastroenterology, C Floor, South Block, University Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK. Email:Robin.Spiller{at}nottingham.ac.uk These guidelines were compiled by a ...