When thinking about the long-term future of spine surgery, some procedures stand out for their cost-effectiveness.

Spinal neurosurgeon Xiaofei (Sophie) Zhou, MD, is a pioneer within Cleveland-based University Hospitals. She started her 2025 by bringing endoscopic spine tools to the hospital and performed the ...

Lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP ... If there is no improvement in 6 weeks, surgical intervention may be indicated. Microdiscectomy is the gold standard treatment for uncomplicated HNP.