The trade-off between affordability and availability in pharmaceuticals arises because decisions affecting medicines’ prices also impact their market availability. Higher prices can increase supply by ...

In this framework, we characterized slow transitions in context- or state-dependent effective connectivity among nodes, where the slow transitions generate changes in the fast neuronal dynamics under ...

The nervous system is the body’s direct communication system. It’s made up of the body’s many nerve cells. These cells work together in a network that sends and receives signals from one ...

The causal relationships identified by AI systems are not immune to the biases present in the underlying data. If the data reflects existing societal biases or power dynamics, the causal models ...

Having this in mind, we proposed a large-Scale multi-objective optimization framework named Causal Inference Based Competitive Swarm Optimizer (CI-CSO). Specifically, a causal information (CI) based ...

Track the GPS location of the user's smartphone or PC and capture a picture of the target, along with IP and device information.

“This study presents a system dynamics (SD) model that evaluates ... between these variables are mapped out via a causal loop diagram (CLD). Overall, the researchers used three pillars in ...

Judea Pearl Graph Causal Learning is an emerging research area and it can be widely applied in dealing with out of distribution, fairness and explanation problems. 2025/01/24: Our survey is now ...