Antigen processing ... the immune response to intracellular microorganisms that do not directly infect APCs? First, whole microorganisms can transiently exist in the extracellular space and ...

The management of Leishmania donova ni (LD), responsible for fatal visceral leishmaniasis (VL), faces increasing challenges due to rising drug-unresponsiveness, leading to increasing treatment ...

The key lies in extracting the relationship between the signals inside the cells (intracellular signals) and those recorded on their surface (extracellular signals). "We discovered that ...

Upon meeting an antigen, they remain, providing a defence for the future. Generated by B cells, antibodies are crucial for immune protection and comprise five types: IgA for pathogens consumed ...

Trump nominates a retired general known for inflammatory remarks. Trump’s trade nominee defends the president’s plan to reorder international trade. The Trump Administration’s Major Moves So ...

The ideal target for RIT should be expressed by tumor cells, but be absent in nontumor CNS cells. Several targets almost fulfill this requisite: tenascin-C, podoplanin/aggrus, EGF receptor (EGFR ...

The definition and clinical use of common HBV serological markers are shown in Table 2. HBsAg is the hallmark of HBV infection and is the first serological marker to appear in acute hepatitis B.

In recent years, with the continuous reduction of technological costs (e.g., genome sequencing, high-throughput screening of antigens, expanded cell culture ... C-type lectin, etc.), intracellular ...

In the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, extracellular signals (mainly cytokines and growth factors) dimerize the receptors, which bring their coupled JAKs in close proximity to each other, and JAKs are ...