Chemical composition of ancient rocks Iron sulfide can only exist in rocks that were formed before there was oxygen in the atmosphere. Rocks containing iron oxide can only form if oxygen is present.

The early atmosphere was mainly carbon dioxide and water vapour. Water vapour condensed to form the oceans. Photosynthesis caused the amount of carbon dioxide to decrease and oxygen to increase.

Urban particles shape climate by influencing clouds and radiation. Vertical monitoring reveals overlooked impacts.

A recent study published in One Earth has uncovered compelling evidence suggesting that the climate effects of new particles ...

Hailstones, a form of solid precipitation, captivate many with their unique journey through the atmosphere. These icy spheroids start as nothing more than droplets in a cloud and grow in layers to ...

This suggests the planet formed in a region of the protoplanetary ... Smith and his team also found remarkable characteristics of WASP-121b's atmosphere. "The climate of this planet is extreme ...