In 1809, as Napoleon fought the Austrians at Wagram, the war in Spain and Portugal continued to rage. The French had inflicted several heavy defeats on Spanish field armies, but now they faced a ...

How did Napoleon's focus on saving his empire after Russia leave Spain vulnerable to Wellington’s forces? In 1813, as French ...

Frustrated by Portugal's defiance of his Continental Blockade against trade with Great Britan, Napoleon ordered General Jerot to march French troops over the Pyrenees. On November 30, French ...

But both Napoleon and Hitler have allies more important than these. Today such allies are called appeasement groups. War and Peace offers an excellent picture of the 1805 appeasement group ...

Battle of Waterloo An engraved vintage illustration image of the Duke of Wellington with his army at the Battle of Waterloo, from a Victorian book dated 1886 that is no longer in copyright napoleonic ...

There are more books with “Napoleon” in their titles than there have been days since the death of the French emperor and general in 1821. So reports Andrew Roberts in his magisterial biography ...

Napoleon went to Kaurakin, the Russian ambassador, and harshly questioned him. "What does this mean? What does Russia want from me? You know it’s easy to start a war but it’s very difficult to ...

With an entire nation at war, it was important to rally support. Artists came to the support first of the revolution and later of Napoleon. The most important battle painter of this period was Antoine ...

Scope note The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French ...

This carving, made from animal bones, is unusual. It dates from the Napoleonic era and would have been made by a French prisoner of war based at a camp near Peterborough at the end of the ...