French forces in Spain were severely overstretched, as Napoleon withdrew the best troops for his invasion of Russia. Wellington saw an opportunity to strike. First he secured the strategic ...

Napoleon’s intervention in Spain and Portugal backfired spectacularly. The invasion sparked a mass revolt, led to France’s first major defeat at Bailén, and forced Napoleon into a grueling war. Here’s ...

There are more books with “Napoleon” in their titles than there have been days since the death of the French emperor and general in 1821. So reports Andrew Roberts in his magisterial biography ...

Frustrated by Portugal's defiance of his Continental Blockade against trade with Great Britan, Napoleon ordered General Jerot to march French troops over the Pyrenees. On November 30, French ...

Napoleon went to Kaurakin, the Russian ambassador, and harshly questioned him. "What does this mean? What does Russia want from me? You know it’s easy to start a war but it’s very difficult to ...

The United States was the first to declare war, though after repeated British provocations. At the time, the Napoleonic wars were raging across Europe, and the Royal Navy had taken to seizing ...

An analysis of the Napoleonic Wars, 1799-1815, and their impact on politics and society. The fourth number of the course code shows the level of the course. For example, in course 219206, the fourth ...

This carving, made from animal bones, is unusual. It dates from the Napoleonic era and would have been made by a French prisoner of war based at a camp near Peterborough at the end of the ...