The bottom part of the Y provides structural support and helps antibodies to interact with immune cells. Hypervariable regions vary in length but usually contain fewer than 40 amino acids.

Monoclonal antibodies, or mAbs, are important tools in medicine. These laboratory-made proteins are widely used in treatments ...

Antibodies are among the most important protein ... or combined to form a ‘cocktail’ against different parts of the same target. These approaches are useful when working with proteins that ...

Monoclonal antibodies are novel therapeutic agents used with great success in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Different parts of the immune system have been targeted by monoclonal ...

Many vaccines work by introducing a protein to the body that resembles part of a virus. Ideally, the immune system will produce long-lasting antibodies recognizing that specific virus, thereby ...

Among other methods, he uses immunohistochemistry to confirm that the proteins of interest are present together in the same parts of the ... to make sure the primary antibodies are from two ...