Ecological conditions governed the pattern of Mongol nomadic pastoral life. Competition for the control of resources, and the practicalities of life on the Mongolian Steppes determined the lifestyle, ...

The Silk Roads were a driving force behind significant cultural exchange across many different parts of the world. Throughout the long history of these routes, a blending of civilizations and people ...

The invention of the Phoenician Alphabet, the prototype for all alphabets in the world, is the most significant contribution that Lebanon has made to the whole of humanity. The new system, immediately ...

How will you know if you have achieved the project’s objectives? Once you’ve broken down your objectives into key activities, you need to define how to track the results of these activities as well as ...

The inland routes of the Silk Roads were dotted with caravanserais, large guest houses or hostels designed to welcome travelling merchants and their caravans as they made their way along these trade ...

Silk Route trade became increasingly popular with European merchants from the thirteenth century onwards. The Route’s very nature changed as navigators found ways of trading directly with producers in ...

The history of tea stretches back over thousands of years and spans not only the vast regions encompassed by the Silk Roads but much of the globe. It is well known that tea has been at the centre of ...

“History tells us that no nation or people can flourish in isolation. Cultural exchange beyond narrow political boundaries stimulates intelligent curiosity and creative imagination. The meeting of the ...

The port city of Hangzhou, the capital and most populous city of Zhejiang Province East China, has been a strategic hub along the Silk Roads since ancient times. Known as ‘the House of Silk’, the city ...

Peking opera is a performance art incorporating singing, reciting, acting, martial arts. Although widely practised throughout China, its performance centres on Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. Peking ...

Researchers agree that silk production began in China in the first millennium B.C. and that this led to the creation of the first Silk Roads, which connected to the Roman Empire, via India, Persia, ...

International Seminar for UNESCO Integral Study of the Silk Roads: Roads of Dialogue “Harbour cities along the Silk Roads”. 9-14 January 1991. Surabaya, Indonesia.